EFFECT OF Salvia officinalis and Thyme Vulgaris OIL ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN MATURE FEMALE RATS

The present study has been carried out at the department of physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine of Basrah, to evaluate the role of oil extracted from salvia officinalis and Thymus vulgaris leaves in some structural and functional characteristics of mature female rats experimentally induced with gastric ulcer.Oils of thyme and sage were extracted from dry leaves available in Basrah market by normal hexane, oils components have been analyzed in a manner GC-MAS (Gas chromatography). Gastric ulcers were induced in starved female rats by giving indomethacin orally by mouth gavage in a dose 25mg\kg for one day. The animals have been divided into seven equal groups(8 females in each group). The first group was received normal saline and served as a negative control. Second group serve as positive group that received only single dose of indomethacin, whereas third group treated with thyme crude oil for two week ,fourth group that treated with thyme dilution oil for two weeks,fifth group treated with sage crude oil for two week, sixth group treated with sage dilution oil for two weeks and seventh group treated with cimetidine for two weeks. The blood has been obtained for hematological assessment the present results: showed no changed in RBCs , PCV of female rats groups treated with thyme crude,thyme dilution, sage crude oil and cimetidine and just group treated with sage dilution caused a significant decrease in RBCs and PCV among treated group. So, the results revealed that there is no- changed in WBC in groups treated with thyme crude, thyme dilution and sage dilution ,whereas showed a decreased in gastric ulcer group, sage crude and cimetidine group. Also neutrophils existed increase significantly in all treated groups compared with control negative group ,whereas no change recorded in thyme dilution and sage crude groups compared with control negative group.


INTRODUCTION
Gastric ulcer is a painful lesion that is caused by erosion of the mucosal layer of stomach or necrosis of the surface of the tissue due to sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue [1]. When the balance among aggressive factors such as acid , pepsin and defense mechanism such as (mucus, bicarbonate ,blood flow, and mucosal turnover)is shifted in favor of aggressive factors ,peptic ulcer are manifested [4]. several mechanism to explain the pathophysiology of gastric ulceration development associated with frequent NSAIDS use have been suggested ,including inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis [2]. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin are capable of producing injury to gastrointestinal mucosa in experimental animals and humans and their use is associated with a significant risk of hemorrhage, erosions, and perforation of gastric ulcers [3]. The pathogenesis of Indomethacine induced gastric ulcer such as leukocyte infiltration, free radicals formation and disturbance in NO production in gastric tissues [4].Herbal medicine that has been used for thousands of years to treat gastrointestinal distress such as T. vulgaris [5], Salvia officinalis. are a genus belonging to the family Lamiaceae and have been used as a medicinal plant against a variety of diseases, including gastric disorders and inflammatory process (6). The major constituents of T. vulgaris essential oil are thymol(23%-60%), -terpinene (18%-50%), p-cymene (8%-44%), carvacrol (2%-8%), and linalool (3%-4%) [7].Recent studies have revealedthe gastroprotective activity of S. officinalis against ethanol induced ulcers, via both free radical scavenging and inhibition of H + -K-ATPase pump [8]. It has been suggested that the protective mechanisms of Salvia officinalis against gastric stomach lesions are due to its antioxidant activity and the role it plays in gastric juice reduction [9].main component of S.officinalis are phenol,2-methyl-5-(methylethyl) ,CarvacolAntioxidants,Isothymol,2-Methyl-Isopropyphenol.
Cimetidine tablets belong to group of medicines called H2 receptor antagonist which act to decrease the natural acid secretion of stomach, is a histamineH 2 receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid [10].

Preparation of oils extracts:-
The leaves of Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Saliva officinali (sage) were obtained in Basrah Province /Iraq. The dry plant leaves were cleaned and grounded, made a coarse powder by electrical grinder to get a uniform particle size and then used for extraction. seventy grams from all individual samples was defatted in a soxhlet apparatus, using 500 ml of hexane (boiling point of 40C°) for 3 hrs [11] .Essential oils diluted as oil/water emulsion with a concentration of (500 µl essential oil /ml ) [12] crude oil as compared with cimetidine drug of choices .the emulsion were stabilized with 1% (Tween 80) [13], [14].

Animals preparation and management:
Fifty six healthy non pregnant female rats (Lepuscuniculus) weighed 180-200 grams body weight each were brought from the university of Thi-Qar\college of science. Female rats were kept for two week in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine / University of Basrah, for acclimatization.

Induction of gastric ulcer:
The gastric ulcers were induced in forty eight starved rats by giving indomethacin (Safa co. Diala-Iraq) orally by using modified syringe and in dose 25mg\kg for one day . These forty eight rats were divided into six groups.

Experimental design
Group 1:served as control group (negative control ) ,were given orally normal saline for 14 day.

Statistical Analysis
The results were expressed as Means ± S.D , all data were done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 11.0 for windows).The results were analyzed by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) between different treatment groups.
Statistical significance was set at( p ≤0.05).

RESULTS
From  On the other hand, The obtained results in Table (  there is increase in number of red blood cell ,PCV and in group treated with sage crude oil in compared with control (+ve)group these result are in agreement with [19] who showed the increase in red blood cell count occur due to positive effect of sage extract on kidney and increase in erythropoietin secretion [20]. While the increases in number of of neutrophil in indomethcin group compared with negative control group that consent with [23] who found the increase in neutrophil is associated with a significant increase in leukotriene production which was observed 6 hours after dosage this may be due to acute inflammation.
On the other hand , the WBC of female ulcerated rats that treated with thyme crude, thyme dilution and sage dilution oils showed an improvment