IDENTIFICATION OF Strongyloides papillosus AND OTHER GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF CATTLE IN BASRAH PROVINCE

The present study has been conducted for detection of Strongyloides papillosus parasite isolated from cattle in Basrah province from November 2018 to June 2019. 255 and 300 samples were collected from fecal and serum of bovine, respectively. Samples were collected from slaughterhouse and animals from regions in Basrah province. Ten serum samples were from Mosul province. 255 fecal samples submitted to the parasites lab. for routine microscopic examination and 7.54% of those samples were detected positive for S. papillosus . Serum samples tested by ELISA (SS-IgM) and the results confirmed that 34.7% of samples were infected with S.papillosus. ELISA showed a high infection rate in comparison with microscopic examination. Also, this study has detected other types of gastrointestinal parasite of cattle. Parasites identified in this study included: nematode, Toxocara vitulorum (13.2%), Capillaria bovis (1.88 %), Gongylonemia spp . (3.77%) (first report in Basrah city), Oesophagostomum spp. (3.77%), Trichuris . (3.77 Trichostrongylus . Ostertagia Protozoan, Eimeria Balantidium Isospora . Giardia lamblia (3.77%), Cryptosporidium


INTRODUCTION
Nematode infections of cattle are a constraint on effective breeding of cattle in pastures all over the world [(1). (2) Noted that predominant Strongyloide species have been observed in sheep and sheep. For many years Strongyloides papillosus in particular has been considered to be of doubtful pathogenicity in livestock (3) S.papillosus can infect cattle and sheep through ingestion, skin penetration and lactating ewes milk. Only female worms happen in the small intestine as parasites (4) The Pathogenic influence of the parasite on host is a result of the presence of migrating larvae, which damage the host's tissues mechanically (

RESULTS
In this study, the direct microscopic examination and Concentrated methods showed the presence of 4 cases of Strongyloides papillosus eggs and larvae in the fecal samples and 8 cases identifiction by serologic examination as in ( Basrah province without significant differences (P<0.037) ( Table 6). The present study demonstrated the percentage of the gastrointestinal parasites species depend on sex (Table   7).         (Fig 2).On the other hand, the comparison between study group by ELISA showed that the existed of IgM not only in the suspected infection group(Sss&i) but also in (pi) and(N) groups. Which showed Significant differences at (P ≤ 0.05)(Fig2).

DISCUSSION
The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection in the areas of this study could be attributed to poor immunity of hosts as a result of malnutrition, grazing of young and adult animals together in poorly drained land provide an ideal condition for the eggs of end parasites to build up clinical infestation of the host (17,18) . The percentage of gastrointestinal parasites in this study (20.78%) while (19) was reported (21.50%) of gastrointestinal parasite in mosul (9) were reported (53.53%) in Mosul province and [20] reported 69.60 % in Ethiopia.
Species of gastrointestinal parasite recovered in the present study was 7.54%, also reported in some countries (10) 2.8% in Basrah and (21) 3.76% in India, the results also showed that the cattle are infected with parasite Gongylonemia spp. (3.77%).On the other hand, the high percentage of infection cattle in April and January with significant difference may be explained by the increase in rain, humidity and decrease temperature (22) .
However the female showed a high percentage infection as compared with male of cattle this finding is in an agreement with (23 reported (28.45%) in India while disagree with (10) reported (2.8%) in Basrah province, (24) were observed (3.4% ) in India and (25) were observed (0.49%) in India.
The percentage of S. papillosus infection by using microscopic examination was (7.54%) low than serological examination because of low sensitivity of this examination (27) Also, may be of temperature and salinity in basrah province, according to (28) the most favorable conditions for the development of the parasite are a temperature above 20°C and a rain extent ensuring level of humidity. (29] ) referred that infective larvae of S. stercoralis are attracted to low concentrations of salt and avoid of high concentrations of salty.
The ELISA assay may be the best diagnosis, the ELISA test is one of the most effective and reliable immunological tests in all research and medical centers, because of its accuracy and specificity.