INFECTION WITH A NOVEL CORONA VIRUS (2019-nCoV) (The PRESENT RISK AND THE CHALLENGE) Brief Review)

In late December, 2019, patients presenting with suspected of viral pneumonitis due to an non-identified microbial agent were reported in Wuhan, China. A novel coronavirus was subsequently identified as the causative pathogen, provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). As of Jan 26, 2020, more than 2000 cases or more of 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed, most of which involved people living in or visiting Wuhan, and human-to-human transmission has been confirmed .


INTRODUCTION
Corona viruses are a group of viruses that can cause a range of symptoms including a runny nose, cough, sore throat and fever. Some are mild, such as the common cold, while others are more likely to lead to pneumonia. They're usually spread through direct contact with an infected person.
The corona virus gets its name from the crown-like spikes on its surface, according to the Center for Disease Control and prevention CDC.  The new virus is called 2019-nCoV. It's unclear how easily it spreads from person to person, but the CDC recommends that anyone who may have been exposed to the illness monitor themselves for 14 days after close contact with an infected person.
2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a virus (more specifically, a coronavirus) identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness first detected in Wuhan, China. Early on, many of the patients in the outbreak in Wuhan, China reportedly had some link to a large seafood and animal market, suggesting animal-to-person spread.
However, a growing number of patients reportedly have not had exposure to animal markets, suggesting person-to-person spread is occurring. At this time, it's unclear how easily or sustainably this virus is spreading between people.

The virus
Viruses of the family Coronaviridae possess a singlestrand, positive-sense RNA genome ranging from 26 to 32 kilobases in length. Coronaviruses have been identified in several avian hosts as well as in various mammals, including camels, bats, masked palm civets, mice, dogs, and cats. Novel mammalian coronaviruses are now regularly identified. For example, an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin was responsible for a fatal acute diarrhea syndrome in pigs in 2018.
Among the several coronaviruses that are pathogenic to humans, most are associated with mild clinical symptoms with two notable exceptions: severe acute respiratory syndrome 3-The common symptoms are,,, Headache, Fever, Cough, Shortness of breath& trouble breathing, Body aches ,Sore throat  Vomiting and diarrhea could also be seen  In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death.

Control and Prevention
There is currently no treatment recommended for coronavirus infections except for supportive care as needed. Several antivirals and other agents were used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreak, but the efficacy of these drugs has not been established.
Chloroquine, which has potent antiviral activity against the SARS-CoV, has been shown to have similar activity against HCoV-229E in cultured cells and against HCoV-OC43 both in cultured cells and in a mouse model. However, there have been no studies of efficacy in humans.

How to stay healthy
There are some common sense measures everyone can take to protect themselves and others from the spread of respiratory illnesses including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
 Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds at a time.
 Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands. It is also good practice to start being more aware of the number of times a day your hands touch an object or hard surface and then touch your face without being washed. Limiting the exposure of your nose, mouth and eyes to unwashed hands can help to protect from the infection .