The current study was carried out in the college of Veterinary Medicine-University of Basrah for observing the morphological and histological of the kidney in onehumped camel. In this study 5 fresh kidneys from adult healthy camel bought from slaughterhouse of Al-Samawah and Al-Zubair city. The morphological study include 4 kidneys, the measurement were recorded, including weight, length, width and thickness, 2 kidneys were used for histological study investigated by using histological methods, three stains were used H&E, PAS and Mallory. The morphological study revealed that the kidney in one – humped camel is bean shaped smooth, multipapillary, in which the fusion of renal crest, there are two areas, outer dark red color with granulated appearance cortex and medulla showed two zones outer red striated and pale inner. It is contributed about 0.6 % of the body weight. The ratio of the thickness of medulla to cortex was 4 : 1. The histological examination show that high number of long loops of Henle and vasa recta in the kidney. In the medulla the nephrons in dromedarian camel are occupied with well-developed loops of Henle and number of juxtamedullry nephrons kidney is very high. In the outer medulla, the vasa recta were grouped obviously in to specific vascular bundles which distributed within the bundles of Henle and collecting tubules. The inner medulla was thicker that the outer. Cup like structures were formed by projecting of the crescentic pelvis and extend to fit the apex of the (20 -24) renal pyramids. The characteristics. above showed that high percentage of long loop of Henle there for that the one – humped camel ͗s kidney possessed a high reabsorption and hence promoting the production of high concentrated urine.