https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/ Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research en daily 1 Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191898.html Klebsiella spp. are becoming more common in companion animals, leading to a serious risk to their health and welfare and frequently having deadly consequences. The current study aims to isolate Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria from feline otitis media and to study antibiotic sensitivity and identify antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Fifty ear swabs from otitis (ear swabs) in cats suffering from ear infections from different private clinics in the Nineveh Governorate were collected between August and November of 2025. All samples were promptly transferred to the Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Iraq, for microbiological processing after being placed in a sterile container. Enrichment media (blood agar and brain heart infusion agar) and selective media (MacConkey agar) were used for isolation. The suspected colony was diagnosed using Gram stain and biochemical tests and confirmed by Vitek and Render (kits that contain a group of biochemical tests). According to the findings, 28% (14/50) of the cat samples contained K. pneumoniae isolates that were positive. Additionally, the antibiotic susceptibility tests reveal complete resistance to metronidazole and amoxicillin. In contrast, it has shown complete sensitivity to ofloxacin. in conclusion, these results show the significance of k. pneumonia in the causes of otitis in cats, and also the resistance to many antibiotics that were used poses a threat to public health and society; therefore, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be avoided. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191899.html Abstract: This study aimed to preparation and characterization of nano propolis by encapsulating propolis extract with Chitosan (CS) using ionic gelation method to produce Chitosan-propolis Nanoparticles (Cs-Pr NPS). Propolis is well known as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, but its clinical efficacy is limiting due to poor water solubility, to overcome these challenges, nanoencapsulation technology has been used to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, FESEM, XRD and AFM analysis were applied to confirm success of nano-formulation and structural integrity of nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirms the preservation of biologically active components, as absorption peaks corresponding to flavonoid and phenolic compounds, FTIR showed presence of hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups of propolis and nanopropolis, FESEM of nanopropolis show smooth spherical with size between (35-51nm), XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of the Cs-Pr NPs. In addition to AFM confirm well dispersed nanoparticles with spherical morphology and smooth surface. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191900.html Abstract: Background: Escherichia coli is a major pathogen that possesses several virulence characteristics. The pks Island of E. coli which code the genotoxin called colibactin. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the distribution of Pks island genes in Escherichia coli isolated from both human and bovine sources in Basrah governorate. Methods: E.coli isolates are identified according to their morphological features on medium MacConkey agar, EMB agar, and chrome agar. E.coli was confirmed by the uidA as a species-specific gene by conventional PCR.Results: The analysis revealed a 52.5% overall isolation rate. Specifically, the isolation rates were 50% (50/100) of human diarrhea, 50% (25/50) of animal diarrhea, and 50% (25/50) of bovine mastitis. The uidA gene PCR results of 60 isolates revealed that a 100% were E coli, which showed the band size of 162bp for the gene. This study was carried out to detect clbA, clbB, and clbQ genes in all 60 E.coli isolates using Specific primers for these genes. The outcomes demonstrated that two (10%) of the human diarrhea isolates tested positive for the clbA gene, while only one (5%) of the same samples tested positive for the clbB and clbQ genes. In contrast, one (5%) of the animal diarrhea samples tested positive for the clbA gene and negative for the clbB and clbQ genes.Conclusions: The study concludes that colibactin-producing E.coli https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191901.html Feral pigeons are the main non-domestic host of zoonotic Chlamydia psittaci, which causes avian chlamydiosis. Although C. psittaci is important, few studies are available in the literature concerning this pathogen as a public health problem in Iraq. It was the objective of this work to use PCR amplification of the C. psittaci species-specific gene and detection in organs, cloacal, and pharyngeal swabs from clinically healthy feral pigeons collected from the Sulaymaniyah area. During the period between July and December 2025, one hundred feral pigeons of both sexes, different age groups from various regions in Sulaymaniyah Governorate were examined for C. psittaci. PCR amplification was performed on DNA extracted from samples, targeting the Chlamydia-specific ompA gene, and results were blasted to confirm positivity. Of 200 tested samples, ten (5%) were real-time PCR positive for C. psittaci; four were from Swabs of the pharynx (2%) then five from swabs of cloaca (2.5%). One (0.5%) of the twenty pooled liver and lung samples was also positive for C. psittaci. Phylogeny of the ompA gene structures showed  That's all feral pigeon The isolates were of genotype B; however, it is interesting that a C. psittaci strain from feral pigeons in Argentina in 2024 shared 100% sequence homology with Sulaymaniyah isolates (Sul/1/2025 and Sul/2/2025). This work has provided evidence that the feral pigeon forms a natural reservoir for C. psittaci with potential risks to human health. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191902.html Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. However, emerging evidence suggests that some NSAIDs also exhibit antimicrobial effects, which could be valuable in the era of increasing antibiotic resistance. This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of three commonly used NSAIDs—aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium, against pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with otitis media. Also, results of antibiotic sensitivity of each of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus that exposed to NSAIDs showed increase in diameter of inhibition of antibiotic used against NSAIDs exposed bacteria in comparison to control (no exposed bacteria) The present findings demonstrate that aspirin and ibuprofen exhibit significant antibacterial effects, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus , while diclofenac showed selective activity. These results suggest that certain NSAIDs may have adjunctive antimicrobial potential, warranting further investigation into their mechanisms and clinical applications. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191903.html β-lactam were prepared in two steps including the condensation of 4-amino-N-pyridin-2-ylbenzenesulfonamide (sulfa pyridine) with 2-Hdroxy naphthaldehyde to produce a Schiff base (MW1). The synthesized compound was reacted with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine to produce a new beta-lactam compound (MW2) with good yield. The synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared (IR), proton, and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds were tested as antibacterial agents using pathogenic bacteria isolated and identified by PCR for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The results of the study proved that the synthesized compounds in this study have clear efficacy against the pathogenic organisms used compared to the standard antibiotic used (ceftriaxone, cefepime, and penicillin G). In other words, the prepared beta-lactam compound has a wide range of antibacterial activity. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191904.html The objective was to compare the immunological efficacy of bacterial ghosts (BG) and whole killed bacteria (WKV) vaccines in poultry. Both vaccine formulations significantly increased phagocytic activity and cytokine production compared to the negative control. However, BG vaccination induced a strong Th1-biased immune response, as evidenced by levels elevated of IL-12 and IFN-γ, whereas WKV vaccination favored a Th2-associated response, characterized by higher IL-4 production. Additionally, both vaccines increased IL-10 levels, increase in IgY in BG and WKV compared to N.C is a good indication that immunization was effective in inducing the production antibody . suggesting an immunoregulatory component that may contribute to immune homeostasis. both BG and WKV vaccines raise IL-1b levels in a significantly higher manner than negative controls do, which is indicative of a strong activation of the innate immune. There was a significant increase in phagocytic activity in both vaccination groups (BG: 59.5 ± 8.61; WKV: 61.00 ± 4.81) compared to the negative control (26.67 ± 7.91; P < 0.001), with no significant between .the BG and WKV groups. Collectively, these findings indicate that BG vaccination elicits a more balanced immune response with a Th1 bias, whereas WKV vaccination predominantly promotes humoral immunity. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191905.html This study aimed to isolate, identify, and compare Klebsiella pneumoniae from cow milk and human urine samples, and to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance patterns and integron gene distribution. A total of 200 samples were analyzed, including 100 cow milk and 100 human urine samples. Klebsiella spp. were isolated using selective and differential media. On MacConkey and EMB agar, 25% of milk isolates and 30% of urine isolates were obtained. On Klebsiella Chrome agar, 48% of milk isolates and 46.66% of urine isolates were confirmed as K. pneumoniae based on characteristic blue mucoid colonies.Molecular confirmation using PCR targeting the rpoB gene verified all selected isolates (100%) as K. pneumoniae, producing a 108 bp band. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (Kirby-Bauer method) showed variable resistance patterns against five antibiotic classes. Similar resistance was observed in both sources against penicillins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides, while urine isolates showed higher resistance to carbapenems and ciprofloxacin. All isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), showing resistance to more than three antibiotic classes.PCR detection of integron genes revealed that class 1 integron (int1) was present in 100% of isolates, while class 2 integron (int2) was detected in 75% of milk isolates and 33.33% of urine isolates.In conclusion, the study highlights the widespread occurrence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae in both animal and human sources, with integrons playing a significant role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191906.html The toxicological profile of non-nutritive sweeteners like sodium saccharin (Sod.S.) is very much under scrutiny because of their endocrine disrupting role in reproductive health. In this paper, the influence of Sod.S. on the reproductive hormones in both male and female rats was determined, along with their respective modulations by antioxidant vitamins C and E. Eighty adult Wistar rats divided into four groups: control, Sod.S. 5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), Sod.S. plus vitamin C 150 mg/kg.b.w., and Sod.S. plus vitamin E 100 mg/kg.b.w. was employed. Oral treatment was conducted for 90 days. Serum levels of estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone were measured. In the male rats, Sod.S. increased E2 by 52%, while significantly suppressing FSH production by 22% compared to controls. Co-administration of vitamin C augmented E2 concentration by 22% compared to Sod.S. group by 58% compared to both control and Sod.S. groups, respectively. Co-administration of vitamin E produced significant increases in FSH concentration by 32% and testosterone by 23% compared to control and Sod.S. groups. In female rats, Sod.S. was increased FSH by 42%, E2 42%, and LH 29%, there was a reduction in the levels of testosterone by 38.52% in comparison to the control. When vitamin C was used with Sod.S., FSH was found to increase by 19%. Conversely, testosterone reduced by 23.39% comparison to the control. In conclusion, Sod.S. altered reproductive hormone profiles in both sexes, indicating endocrine-disrupting potential. Vitamins C and E partially modulated these hormonal disturbances in a sex-dependent manner. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191907.html Background: Moringa oleifera gained its importance as a natural antioxidant due to its high content of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Aim: The present experience was designed to assess the ability of extract of moringa leaves to prevent cardiac infraction in male rats with hypothyroidism. Methodology: 30 male rats were distributed in 2 groups, healthy group 10 rats and hypothyroid 20 rats. Hypothyroid was induced by administering 1mg/ml propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water for two months. After confirmed thyroid deficiency induced by measuring thyroid function test, showing low thyroid hormones levels and high TSH, animals were distributed equally into three groups 10 rats each, as follows; first group (intact animals ) as negative control, rats were administered (1ml) of normal solution, second group (hypothyroidism untreated), as positive control, rats were administered (1ml) of PTU, third group (HYPO-MOE treated), rats treatment with MOE at a dose 300 mg/kg, the treatment continued for one month. Results: The oral administration of PTU resulted pronounced reduction in the levels of thyroid hormones concomitantly with significantly elevation in TSH and lipid profile concurrently with diminished in the level of HDL, also results revealed elevation in heart enzymes activity accompanied by elevation of troponin I associated with histological changes in myocardial architecture whereas the treatment with MOE resulted in improvement the thyroid function, lipid profile, cardiac biomarkers and restoration of cardiac architecture. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191908.html Identify of the two types of ticks(Hyalomma and Rhipicephilus) was confirmed using the 16SrRNA and the COX1 gene, with molecular weights of 460 base pair and 700 base pair respectively. There were four novel tick isolates discovered in sheep in the Mosul district in this study: Rhipiciphalus turanicus (PV174207.1, PV174208.1) and H. anatolicum anatolicum (PV174205.1, PV174206.1). Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Rhipicephalus turanicus that infest sheep in the Mosul district were discovered using DNA research and sequencing. Our isolates of Hyalomma were comparable to strains from India, Iraq, China, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt, whereas Rh. turanicus and strains from China and Kazakhstan had 100% genetic similarity. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191909.html Colibacillosis is a neglected bacterial disease affecting neonate lambs and leading to severe diarrhea and high mortality. This study aimed to diagnose Escherichia coli in diarrheic lambs and determine the level of antibiotic resistance, and identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Thirty faecal and blood samples were gathered from diseased lambs in the southwest of Basrah. The faecal samples were initially subjected to the bacteriological test, disc diffusion test, and molecular method, while blood samples were haematologically analysed. The molecular test utilized 16sRNA with the specific primers targeted the genes resistance. All samples in the selective media were initially found to be positive to E. coli. Based on the antibiotic-sensitivity results, colonies were sensitive to all antibiotics tested, with bacterial inhibition zones have varied degree. Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and chloramphenicol showed 40% of susceptibility rate, while gentamycin and amoxicillin was 60%, 50%, respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of 16sRNA unfold the amplification of DNA products at 1500 bp for ten isolates. The PCR amplification also identified class 1 integron, with the bands were detected at 160 bp. The haematological analyses indicated that all infected lambs were having high level of leukocytes, whereases the erythrocyte indices remained unchanging. Also, the level of comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) did not alter by infection. The liver, enzymes, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) were elevated during the infection. In conclusion, E. coli is a major pathogen in neonatal lambs, showing variable antibiotics resistance is linked to the resistance gene. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191910.html ABSTRACTThe gamma coronavirus that causes extremely contagious disease in chickens is based on the avian infectious bronchitis virus. The respiratory tract, proventriculus, cecal tonsils, oviduct, and kidney are among the virus's preferred host tissues. Young chickens with infections typically experience respiratory distress. The virus causes respiratory distress in broiler chickens, but certain strains can induce interstitial nephritis. This study was performed to analyses and detect the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) (Interleukin-6) in the kidney tissue infected with IBV (Infectious Bronchitis Virus) by using the Immunohistochemistry detection technique. The samples were taken from the kidney of chicken infected with IBV, the results of the study revealed positive expression of (IL-6), most of this expression was in the epithelial cells of the renal tubules in the cortex area compared to the negative expression of (IL-6) in the control group. We concluded that the IBV strain in Basrah province has cell tropism to renal tissues and has nephropathogenic property causing nephritis. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191911.html alpha-amyrin have beneficial effects in metabolic disorders. This study focuses on investigating effect of alpha-amyrin capsules on glucose and glycemic index in male rats with globulinemia fed a high-intensity diet . The groups included: (A) normal control group, orally supplied with drinking water; (B) a glucose group, in which streptozotocin was administered via glucose injection on a high-intensity diet; (C) a glucose group + شمحاش-amyrin (100 mg/rat daily dose) for one month on a high-intensity diet; (D) a glucose group + alpha-amyrin nanocapsule (50 mg/rat daily), in which rats were treated for one month on a high-intensity diet; (E) a glucose group + alpha-amyrin nanocapsule (40 mg/rat daily); and (F) a glucose group + alpha-amyrin nanocapsule (80 mg/rat daily). Following the induction of diabetes with a high-dose diet, rats were administered daily for one month. Group 7 (G) consisted of rats with diabetes and insulin (4 surgical units/rat subcutaneously). Significant improvements in glucose levels were observed in both the alpha-amyrin nanoparticle group (80 mg/kg) and the insulin group. A significant reduction in performance was also noted in Group F and the control NRF group compared to the other groups. Furthermore, plasma insulin levels and pancreatic histological analysis revealed that alpha-amyrin plays a role in maintaining beta cell integrity. GLUT4 expression (by qPCR) was also shown to be higher in the alpha-amyrin 40 group compared to the control group. conclude to which represent a novel approach for alpha-amyrin nanoparticles as a compound with hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191912.html AbstractFeline calicivirus (FCV) is recognized as one of the most prevalent etiological agents of disease incats, distinguished by its high transmissibility and a remarkable capacity for immune evasion.Following the acute phase of infection, some cats may persist as chronic carriers or experiencerecurrent cycles of infection with different or mutated strains, making them a major Clinicalmanifestations of infection often include upper respiratory tract infections, oral ulcers, andexcessive salivation, in addition to gingivitis and stomatitis in other cases. In some forms, mayprogress to a more severe type known as Virulent Systemic Feline Calicivirus (VSFCV), which isassociated with high mortality rates. Because of high transcription polymerase error rates in RNAvirus so it has given it a strong ability for genetic adaptation, allowing it to respond quickly toenvironmental instability.This phenomena allow it to undergo severe genetic and antigenicdiversity, leaning in the develoment of new variants that complicate the process of controlling itlater. FCV is associated with a wide range of clinical signs, starting from asymptomatic infectionsand relatively mild oral and respiratory illnesses to severe lameness with or without systemicinfections with high mortality rate.It is worth noting that a percentage of cats that recover fromacute infection remain infected with chronic infection,and it is believed that continues evolutionof the virus within these animals helps it evade the host immune response. Although these chroniccases may represent a minority, they play a pivotal role in the epidemiology and spread of thevirus. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191913.html Background: Livestock industry globally faces a two-fold challenge in terms of increasing production output to meet the growing demand and at the same time reduce its effects on the environment. Classical average-based nutritional models themselves are ineffective, and they create resource wastage and inefficient animal performance. Aims: The current paper critically reviews the latest literature on integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and sensor technologies in the context of precision agriculture, especially making the model help in precision nutrition decision-making. Special emphasis is put on the shift of the concept of strictly algorithmic paradigms towards the systems that include real-time physiological measurements and modeling of physiologic metabolism. Methodology: The review of peer-reviewed articles with an impact is based on eighty articles that were selected through systematic literature review requirements and analyzed to reveal general tendencies and the methodological approaches. Results: The findings outline wearable biosensors and computer-vision systems to be one of the most promising sensor modalities that can provide high-resolution streams of temporal data. The software machine-learning and deep-learning techniques then convert such complicated datasets into predictive models that approximate the animal nutrient needs and physiological condition of a specific animal. In addition, a combination of these predictive algorithms and dynamic metabolic models offers a solid platform on which to produce a genuinely species-specific, that is, cow- or pig-species-specific, feeding regime. Conclusions: The implementation of the smart farm technologies promotes the development of precise animal nutrition, which promotes synergetic relationships between advanced algorithms and animal physiology. https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_191914.html Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by Brucella species. These bacteria are small, non-motile, facultatively intracellular, aerobic, and Gram-negative coccobacilli. Their ability to replicate and survive within host cells is closely connected to their capacity to cause long-term illness and evade both innate and adaptive immune responses. It is a worldwide zoonotic disease that leads to significant economic losses in ruminant farming systems. There has been a notable rise in intra- and interspecific infection rates in recent years, mainly due to poor management and limited resources, especially in developing countries. Humans can become infected by consuming contaminated milk or through direct contact with infected animals. Clinically, it manifests as an undulant fever, often associated with chronic debilitating disease, along with various other symptoms. This review article examines the complications and aftereffects of brucellosis in both animals and humans. It also emphasizes the severity of these pathological outcomes of infection and aims to identify preventative strategies to reduce the incidence of both acute and chronic complications, lessen economic losses, and lower treatment costs.Keywords: Brucellosis, complications and sequels, Animals, Humans https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_190878.html The study was conducted to investigate the effect of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen-peroxide (1% in drinking water) and vitaminC (500mg/kg) on physiological characters of reproductive system in male rats, and the role of vitaminC in improving these changes. Administration of H2O2 for 30days resulted in significantly decrease in body and testis weight, head, body and tail of epididymis, seminal-vesicles and prostate. Decrease in ratio of live sperms associated with an increase in ratio of abnormal and dead sperm. Administration of vitaminC for15 days after fifteen days from exposure to 30days oxidative stress resulted in a clear improvement in body weights and weights of testes, head, body and tail of epididymis and prostate gland and seminal vesicles. The ratio of sperm abnormalities returned to the normal state. The percentage of dead sperms decreased and the percentage of live sperms increased significantly but didn't return to normal state. Treatment of animals exposed to H2O2 with vitaminC for 30days protected the animals from oxidative-stress as reflected by improvement in body and testes weight and others reproductive organs, percentage of live, dead and abnormal sperms, and diameter of seminiferous tubules. It is concluded that reactive oxygen-species produced by H2O2 are responsible for pathophysiological changes of male reproductive system and vitaminC has protective effect on hydrogen-peroxide-induced defect in the histophysiological aspects of this systems